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complex(7) Miscellaneous Information Manual complex(7)

NAME

complex - basics of complex mathematics

LIBRARY

Math library (libm, -lm)

SYNOPSIS

#include <complex.h>

DESCRIPTION

Complex numbers are numbers of the form z = a+b*i, where a and b are real numbers and i = sqrt(-1), so that i*i = -1.

There are other ways to represent that number. The pair (a,b) of real numbers may be viewed as a point in the plane, given by X- and Y-coordinates. This same point may also be described by giving the pair of real numbers (r,phi), where r is the distance to the origin O, and phi the angle between the X-axis and the line Oz. Now z = r*exp(i*phi) = r*(cos(phi)+i*sin(phi)).

The basic operations are defined on z = a+b*i and w = c+d*i as:

Nearly all math function have a complex counterpart but there are some complex-only functions.

EXAMPLES

Your C-compiler can work with complex numbers if it supports the C99 standard. The imaginary unit is represented by I.

/* check that exp(i * pi) == -1 */
#include <math.h>        /* for atan */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <complex.h>
int
main(void)
{

double pi = 4 * atan(1.0);
double complex z = cexp(I * pi);
printf("%f + %f * i\n", creal(z), cimag(z)); }

SEE ALSO

cabs(3), cacos(3), cacosh(3), carg(3), casin(3), casinh(3), catan(3), catanh(3), ccos(3), ccosh(3), cerf(3), cexp(3), cexp2(3), cimag(3), clog(3), clog10(3), clog2(3), conj(3), cpow(3), cproj(3), creal(3), csin(3), csinh(3), csqrt(3), ctan(3), ctanh(3)

2024-06-15 Linux man-pages (unreleased)