For the specified frame number, assign the given comment string. Can be repeated for multiple frames. Quotes should be used with comment strings that include spaces.

Reads only the packets whose timestamp is on or after <start time>. The time may be given either in ISO 8601 format or in Unix epoch timestamp format.

ISO 8601 format is either

YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS[.nnnnnnnnn][Z|±hh:mm]

or

YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS[.nnnnnnnnn][Z|±hh:mm]

The fractional seconds are optional, as is the time zone offset from UTC (in which case local time is assumed).

Unix epoch format is in seconds since the Unix epoch and nanoseconds, with either a period or a comma separating the seconds and nanoseconds. The nanoseconds are optional. The Unix epoch is 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC, so this format is not local time.

Reads only the packets whose timestamp is before <stop time>. The time may be given either in ISO 8601 format or in Unix epoch timestamp format.

ISO 8601 format is either

YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS[.nnnnnnnnn][Z|±hh:mm]

or

YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS[.nnnnnnnnn][Z|±hh:mm]

The fractional seconds are optional, as is the time zone offset from UTC (in which case local time is assumed).

Unix epoch format is in seconds since the Unix epoch and nanoseconds, with either a period or a comma separating the seconds and nanoseconds. The nanoseconds are optional. The Unix epoch is 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC, so this format is not local time.

Splits the packet output to different files based on uniform packet counts with a maximum of <packets per file> each.

Each output file will be created with an infix _nnnnn[_YYYYmmddHHMMSS] inserted before the file extension (which may be null) of outfile. The infix consists of the ordinal number of the output file, starting with 00000, followed by the timestamp of its first packet. The timestamp is omitted if the input file does not contain timestamp information.

After the specified number of packets is written to the output file, the next output file is opened. The default is to use a single output file. This option conflicts with -i.

Sets the chop length to use when writing the packet data. Each packet is chopped by <choplen> bytes of data. Positive values chop at the packet beginning while negative values chop at the packet end.

If an optional offset precedes the <choplen>, then the bytes chopped will be offset from that value. Positive offsets are from the packet beginning, while negative offsets are from the packet end.

This is useful for chopping headers for decapsulation of an entire capture, removing tunneling headers, or in the rare case that the conversion between two file formats leaves some random bytes at the end of each packet. Another use is for removing vlan tags.

Attempts to remove duplicate packets. The length and MD5 hash of the current packet are compared to the previous four (4) packets. If a match is found, the current packet is skipped. This option is equivalent to using the option -D 5.

Attempts to remove duplicate packets. The length and MD5 hash of the current packet are compared to the previous <dup window> - 1 packets. If a match is found, the current packet is skipped.

The use of the option -D 0 combined with the -V option is useful in that each packet’s Packet number, Len and MD5 Hash will be printed to standard error. This verbose output (specifically the MD5 hash strings) can be useful in scripts to identify duplicate packets across trace files.

The <dup window> is specified as an integer value between 0 and 1000000 (inclusive).

Sets the probability that bytes in the output file are randomly changed. Editcap uses that probability (between 0.0 and 1.0 inclusive) to apply errors to each data byte in the file. For instance, a probability of 0.02 means that each byte has a 2% chance of having an error.

This option is meant to be used for fuzz-testing protocol dissectors.

Sets the file format of the output capture file. Editcap can write the file in several formats, editcap -F provides a list of the available output formats. The default is the pcapng format.

Splits the packet output to different files based on uniform time intervals using a maximum interval of <seconds per file> each. Floating point values (e.g. 0.5) are allowed.

Each output file will be created with an infix _nnnnn[_YYYYmmddHHMMSS] inserted before the file extension (which may be null) of outfile. The infix consists of the ordinal number of the output file, starting with 00000, followed by the timestamp of its first packet. The timestamp is omitted if the input file does not contain timestamp information.

After packets for the specified time interval are written to the output file, the next output file is opened. The default is to use a single output file. This option conflicts with -c.

Ignore the specified number of bytes at the beginning of the frame during MD5 hash calculation, unless the frame is too short, then the full frame is used. Useful to remove duplicated packets taken on several routers (different mac addresses for example) e.g. -I 26 in case of Ether/IP will ignore ether(14) and IP header(20 - 4(src ip) - 4(dst ip)). The default value is 0.

Adjust the original frame length accordingly when chopping and/or snapping (in addition to the captured length, which is always adjusted regardless of whether -L is specified or not). See also -C <choplen> and -s <snaplen>.

When used in conjunction with -E, skip some bytes from the beginning of the packet from being changed. In this way some headers don’t get changed, and the fuzzer is more focused on a smaller part of the packet. Keeping a part of the packet fixed the same dissector is triggered, that make the fuzzing more precise.

Reverse the packet selection. Causes the packets whose packet numbers are specified on the command line to be written to the output capture file, instead of discarding them.

Sets the snapshot length to use when writing the data. If the -s flag is used to specify a snapshot length, packets in the input file with more captured data than the specified snapshot length will have only the amount of data specified by the snapshot length written to the output file.

This may be useful if the program that is to read the output file cannot handle packets larger than a certain size (for example, the versions of snoop in Solaris 2.5.1 and Solaris 2.6 appear to reject Ethernet packets larger than the standard Ethernet MTU, making them incapable of handling gigabit Ethernet captures if jumbo packets were used).

When used in conjunction with -E, set the seed for the pseudo-random number generator. This is useful for recreating a particular sequence of errors.

Skip the radiotap header of each frame when checking for packet duplicates. This is useful when processing a capture created by combining outputs of multiple capture devices on the same channel in the vicinity of each other.

Time adjust selected packets to ensure strict chronological order.

The <strict time adjustment> value represents relative seconds specified as seconds[.fractional seconds].

As the capture file is processed each packet’s absolute time is possibly adjusted to be equal to or greater than the previous packet’s absolute timestamp depending on the <strict time adjustment> value.

If <strict time adjustment> value is 0 or greater (e.g. 0.000001) then only packets with a timestamp less than the previous packet will adjusted. The adjusted timestamp value will be set to be equal to the timestamp value of the previous packet plus the value of the <strict time adjustment> value. A <strict time adjustment> value of 0 will adjust the minimum number of timestamp values necessary to ensure that the resulting capture file is in strict chronological order.

If <strict time adjustment> value is specified as a negative value, then the timestamp values of all packets will be adjusted to be equal to the timestamp value of the previous packet plus the absolute value of the <strict time adjustment> value. A <strict time adjustment> value of -0 will result in all packets having the timestamp value of the first packet.

This feature is useful when the trace file has an occasional packet with a negative delta time relative to the previous packet.

Sets the time adjustment to use on selected packets. If the -t flag is used to specify a time adjustment, the specified adjustment will be applied to all selected packets in the capture file. The adjustment is specified as seconds[.fractional seconds]. For example, -t 3600 advances the timestamp on selected packets by one hour while -t -0.5 reduces the timestamp on selected packets by one-half second.

This feature is useful when synchronizing dumps collected on different machines where the time difference between the two machines is known or can be estimated.

Sets the packet encapsulation type of the output capture file. If the -T flag is used to specify an encapsulation type, the encapsulation type of the output capture file will be forced to the specified type. editcap -T provides a list of the available types. The default type is the one appropriate to the encapsulation type of the input capture file.

Note: this merely forces the encapsulation type of the output file to be the specified type; the packet headers of the packets will not be translated from the encapsulation type of the input capture file to the specified encapsulation type (for example, it will not translate an Ethernet capture to an FDDI capture if an Ethernet capture is read and '-T fddi' is specified). If you need to remove/add headers from/to a packet, you will need od(1)/text2pcap(1).

Causes editcap to print verbose messages while it’s working.

Use of -V with the de-duplication switches of -d, -D or -w will cause all MD5 hashes to be printed whether the packet is skipped or not.

Attempts to remove duplicate packets. The current packet’s arrival time is compared with up to 1000000 previous packets. If the packet’s relative arrival time is less than or equal to the <dup time window> of a previous packet and the packet length and MD5 hash of the current packet are the same then the packet to skipped. The duplicate comparison test stops when the current packet’s relative arrival time is greater than <dup time window>.

The <dup time window> is specified as seconds[.fractional seconds].

The [.fractional seconds] component can be specified to nine (9) decimal places (billionths of a second) but most typical trace files have resolution to six (6) decimal places (millionths of a second).

Inserts the contents of <file> into a Decryption Secrets Block (DSB) within the pcapng output file. This enables decryption without requiring additional configuration in protocol preferences.

The file format is described by <secrets type> which can be one of:

opcua OPC UA Key Log, see <https://ietf-opsawg-wg.github.io/draft-ietf-opsawg-pcap/draft-ietf-opsawg-pcapng.html#name-decryption-secrets-block>
ssh SSH Key Log, see <https://wiki.wireshark.org/SSH#key-log-format>
tls TLS Key Log, see <https://tlswg.org/sslkeylogfile/draft-ietf-tls-keylogfile.html>
wg WireGuard Key Log, see <https://wiki.wireshark.org/WireGuard#key-log-format>

This option may be specified multiple times. The available options for <secrets type> can be listed with --inject-secrets help.

Extracts each Decryption Secrets Block (DSB) contained within infile. If there is only one, it is written to outfile instead of a capture file. If there is more than one, they are each written to unique output files named with an infix _nnnnn before the file extension of outfile in a manner similar to the -c flag (unless writing to standard output.)

Incompatible with other options except for -V.

Discard all decryption secrets from the input file when writing the output file. Does not discard secrets added by --inject-secrets in the same command line.

Adds the given comment to the output file, if supported by the output file format. New comments will be added after any comments present in the input file unless --discard-capture-comment is also specified.

This option may be specified multiple times. Note that Wireshark currently only displays the first comment of a capture file.

Discard all capture file comments from the input file when writing the output file. Does not discard comments added by --capture-comment in the same command line.

Set the unused bytes (if any) to zero in SLL link type. Useful when when checking for duplicates. As the unused bytes can be anything. When the packet traverses the device stack for bonded interfaces on Linux for example.

Discard all packet comments from the input file when writing the output file. Does not discard comments added by -a in the same command line.

Compress the output file using the type compression format. --compress with no argument provides a list of the compression formats supported for writing. The type given takes precedence over the extension of outfile.

editcap -h

editcap -s 64 -F snoop capture.pcapng shortcapture.snoop

editcap capture.pcapng sans1000.pcapng 1000

editcap -r capture.pcapng small.pcapng 200-750

editcap -r capture.pcapng first500.pcapng 1-500

editcap capture.pcapng first500.pcapng 501-9999999

editcap capture.pcapng exclude.pcapng 1 5 10-20 30-40

editcap -r capture.pcapng select.pcapng 1 5 10-20 30-40

editcap -d capture.pcapng dedup.pcapng

editcap -d --skip-radiotap-header capture.pcapng dedup.pcapng

editcap -D 101 capture.pcapng dedup.pcapng

editcap -w 0.1 capture.pcapng dedup.pcapng

editcap -V -D 0 capture.pcapng /dev/null

editcap -V -D 0 capture.pcapng NUL

editcap -t 3.0827 capture.pcapng adjusted.pcapng

editcap -S 0 capture.pcapng adjusted.pcapng

editcap -E 0.05 capture.pcapng capture_error.pcapng

editcap -L -C 12:4 capture_vlan.pcapng capture_no_vlan.pcapng

<--------------------------- 75 ---------------------------->

+---+-------+-----------+---------------+-------------------+
| 5 |   10  |     15    |       20      |         25        |
+---+-------+-----------+---------------+-------------------+

1) editcap -C 5:10 -C -25:-20 capture.pcapng chopped.pcapng
2) editcap -C 5:10 -C 50:-20 capture.pcapng chopped.pcapng
3) editcap -C -70:10 -C -25:-20 capture.pcapng chopped.pcapng
4) editcap -C -70:10 -C 50:-20 capture.pcapng chopped.pcapng
5) editcap -C 30:20 -C -60:-10 capture.pcapng chopped.pcapng
6) editcap -C 30:20 -C 15:-10 capture.pcapng chopped.pcapng
7) editcap -C -45:20 -C -60:-10 capture.pcapng chopped.pcapng
8) editcap -C -45:20 -C 15:-10 capture.pcapng chopped.pcapng

editcap -a "1:1st frame" -a 2:Second capture.pcapng capture-comments.pcapng