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OD(1) User Commands OD(1)

NAME

od - dump files in octal and other formats

SYNOPSIS

od [OPTION]... [FILE]...
od [-abcdfilosx]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b]]
od --traditional [OPTION]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b] [+][LABEL][.][b]]

DESCRIPTION

Write an unambiguous representation, octal bytes by default, of FILE to standard output. With more than one FILE argument, concatenate them in the listed order to form the input.

With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.

If first and second call formats both apply, the second format is assumed if the last operand begins with + or (if there are 2 operands) a digit. An OFFSET operand means -j OFFSET. LABEL is the pseudo-address at first byte printed, incremented when dump is progressing. For OFFSET and LABEL, a 0x or 0X prefix indicates hexadecimal; suffixes may be . for octal and b for multiply by 512.

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

output format for file offsets; RADIX is one of [doxn], for Decimal, Octal, Hex or None
swap input bytes according the specified order
skip BYTES input bytes first
limit dump to BYTES input bytes
show only NUL terminated strings of at least BYTES (3) printable characters
select output format or formats
do not use * to mark line suppression
output BYTES bytes per output line; 32 is implied when BYTES is not specified
accept arguments in third form above
display this help and exit
output version information and exit

Traditional format specifications may be intermixed; they accumulate:

-a
same as -t a, select named characters, ignoring high-order bit
-b
same as -t o1, select octal bytes
-c
same as -t c, select printable characters or backslash escapes
same as -t u2, select unsigned decimal 2-byte units
same as -t fF, select floats
same as -t dI, select decimal ints
same as -t dL, select decimal longs
same as -t o2, select octal 2-byte units
same as -t d2, select decimal 2-byte units
same as -t x2, select hexadecimal 2-byte units

TYPE is made up of one or more of these specifications:

named character, ignoring high-order bit
printable character or backslash escape
signed decimal, SIZE bytes per integer
floating point, SIZE bytes per float
octal, SIZE bytes per integer
unsigned decimal, SIZE bytes per integer
hexadecimal, SIZE bytes per integer

SIZE is a number. For TYPE in [doux], SIZE may also be C for sizeof(char), S for sizeof(short), I for sizeof(int) or L for sizeof(long). If TYPE is f, SIZE may also be B for Brain 16 bit, H for Half precision float, F for sizeof(float), D for sizeof(double), or L for sizeof(long double).

Adding a z suffix to any type displays printable characters at the end of each output line.

BYTES is hex with 0x or 0X prefix, and may have a multiplier suffix:

512
1000
1024
1000*1000
1024*1024

and so on for G, T, P, E, Z, Y, R, Q. Binary prefixes can be used, too: KiB=K, MiB=M, and so on.

EXAMPLES

Display hexdump format output
The default output format used by od

AUTHOR

Written by Jim Meyering.

REPORTING BUGS

GNU coreutils online help: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Report any translation bugs to <https://translationproject.org/team/>

COPYRIGHT

Copyright © 2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

SEE ALSO

Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/od>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) od invocation'

September 2024 GNU coreutils 9.5