NAME¶

std::tan,std::tanf,std::tanl - std::tan,std::tanf,std::tanl

Synopsis¶

Defined in header <cmath>
float tan ( float num );

double tan ( double num ); (until C++23)

long double tan ( long double num );
/* floating-point-type */ (since C++23)
tan ( /* floating-point-type */ num ); (constexpr since C++26)
float tanf( float num ); (1) (2) (since C++11)
(constexpr since C++26)
long double tanl( long double num ); (3) (since C++11)
(constexpr since C++26)
Additional overloads (since C++11)
Defined in header <cmath>
template< class Integer > (A) (constexpr since C++26)
double tan ( Integer num );

1-3) Computes the tangent of num (measured in radians).
The library provides overloads of std::tan for all cv-unqualified floating-point
types as the type of the parameter.
(since C++23)

A) Additional overloads are provided for all integer types, which are (since C++11)
treated as double.

Parameters¶

num - floating-point or integer value representing angle in radians

Return value¶

If no errors occur, the tangent of num (tan(num)) is returned.

The result may have little or no significance if the magnitude of num (until C++11)
is large.

If a domain error occurs, an implementation-defined value is returned (NaN where
supported).

If a range error occurs due to underflow, the correct result (after rounding) is
returned.

Error handling¶

Errors are reported as specified in math_errhandling.

If the implementation supports IEEE floating-point arithmetic (IEC 60559),

* if the argument is ±0, it is returned unmodified.
* if the argument is ±∞, NaN is returned and FE_INVALID is raised.
* if the argument is NaN, NaN is returned.

Notes¶

The case where the argument is infinite is not specified to be a domain error in C
(to which C++ defers), but it is defined as a domain error in POSIX.

The function has mathematical poles at π(1/2 + n); however no common floating-point
representation is able to represent π/2 exactly, thus there is no value of the
argument for which a pole error occurs.

The additional overloads are not required to be provided exactly as (A). They only
need to be sufficient to ensure that for their argument num of integer type,
std::tan(num) has the same effect as std::tan(static_cast<double>(num)).

Example¶

// Run this code

#include <cerrno>
#include <cfenv>
#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>

// #pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS ON
const double pi = std::acos(-1); // or C++20's std::numbers::pi

int main()
{
// typical usage
std::cout << "tan(1*pi/4) = " << std::tan(1*pi/4) << '\n' // 45°
<< "tan(3*pi/4) = " << std::tan(3*pi/4) << '\n' // 135°
<< "tan(5*pi/4) = " << std::tan(5*pi/4) << '\n' // -135°
<< "tan(7*pi/4) = " << std::tan(7*pi/4) << '\n'; // -45°

// special values
std::cout << "tan(+0) = " << std::tan(0.0) << '\n'
<< "tan(-0) = " << std::tan(-0.0) << '\n';

// error handling
std::feclearexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT);

std::cout << "tan(INFINITY) = " << std::tan(INFINITY) << '\n';
if (std::fetestexcept(FE_INVALID))
std::cout << " FE_INVALID raised\n";
}

Possible output:¶

tan(1*pi/4) = 1
tan(3*pi/4) = -1
tan(5*pi/4) = 1
tan(7*pi/4) = -1
tan(+0) = 0
tan(-0) = -0
tan(INFINITY) = -nan
FE_INVALID raised

See also¶

sin
sinf computes sine (\({\small\sin{x}}\)sin(x))
sinl (function)
(C++11)
(C++11)
cos
cosf computes cosine (\({\small\cos{x}}\)cos(x))
cosl (function)
(C++11)
(C++11)
atan
atanf computes arc tangent (\({\small\arctan{x}}\)arctan(x))
atanl (function)
(C++11)
(C++11)
tan(std::complex) computes tangent of a complex number (\({\small\tan{z}}\)tan(z))
(function template)
tan(std::valarray) applies the function std::tan to each element of valarray
(function template)
C documentation for
tan