std::rotate(3) | C++ Standard Libary | std::rotate(3) |
NAME¶
std::rotate - std::rotate
Synopsis¶
Defined in header <algorithm>
template< class ForwardIt >
void rotate( ForwardIt first, ForwardIt n_first, ForwardIt (until
C++11)
last );
template< class ForwardIt > (since C++11)
ForwardIt rotate( ForwardIt first, ForwardIt n_first, (until C++20)
ForwardIt last );
template< class ForwardIt > (1)
constexpr ForwardIt rotate( ForwardIt first, ForwardIt (since C++20)
n_first, ForwardIt last );
template< class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIt >
ForwardIt rotate( ExecutionPolicy&& policy, (2) (since
C++17)
ForwardIt first, ForwardIt n_first, ForwardIt last );
1) Performs a left rotation on a range of elements.
Specifically, std::rotate swaps the elements in the range [first, last) in
such a
way that the element n_first becomes the first element of the new range and
n_first
- 1 becomes the last element.
A precondition of this function is that [first, n_first) and [n_first, last)
are
valid ranges.
2) Same as (1), but executed according to policy. This overload does
not participate
in overload resolution unless
std::is_execution_policy_v<std::decay_t<ExecutionPolicy>>
(until C++20)
std::is_execution_policy_v<std::remove_cvref_t<ExecutionPolicy>>
(since C++20) is true.
Parameters¶
first - the beginning of the original range
n_first - the element that should appear at the beginning of the
rotated range
last - the end of the original range
policy - the execution policy to use. See execution policy for
details.
Type requirements¶
-
ForwardIt must meet the requirements of ValueSwappable and
LegacyForwardIterator.
-
The type of dereferenced ForwardIt must meet the requirements of
MoveAssignable and
MoveConstructible.
Return value¶
(none) (until C++11)
Iterator to the new location of the element pointed by first. Equal to
(since C++11)
first + (last - n_first)
Complexity¶
Linear in the distance between first and last.
Exceptions¶
The overload with a template parameter named ExecutionPolicy
reports errors as
follows:
* If execution of a function invoked as part of the algorithm throws an
exception
and ExecutionPolicy is one of the standard policies, std::terminate is
called.
For any other ExecutionPolicy, the behavior is implementation-defined.
* If the algorithm fails to allocate memory, std::bad_alloc is thrown.
Notes¶
std::rotate has better efficiency on common implementations if
ForwardIt statisfies
LegacyBidirectionalIterator or (better) LegacyRandomAccessIterator.
Implementations (e.g. MSVC STL) may enable vectorization when the iterator
type
satisfies LegacyContiguousIterator and swapping its value type calls neither
non-trivial special member function nor ADL-found swap.
Possible implementation¶
See also the implementations in libstdc++, libc++, and MSVC STL.
template<class ForwardIt>
constexpr // since C++20
ForwardIt // void until C++11
rotate(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt n_first, ForwardIt last)
{
if(first == n_first) return last;
if(n_first == last) return first;
ForwardIt read = n_first;
ForwardIt write = first;
ForwardIt next_read = first; // read position for when "read" hits
"last"
while(read != last) {
if(write == next_read) next_read = read; // track where "first"
went
std::iter_swap(write++, read++);
}
// rotate the remaining sequence into place
(rotate)(write, next_read, last);
return write;
}
Example¶
std::rotate is a common building block in many algorithms. This
example demonstrates
insertion sort.
// Run this code
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
auto print = [](auto const& remark, auto const& v) {
std::cout << remark;
for (int n: v)
std::cout << n << ' ';
std::cout << '\n';
};
int main()
{
std::vector<int> v{2, 4, 2, 0, 5, 10, 7, 3, 7, 1};
print("before sort:\t\t", v);
// insertion sort
for (auto i = v.begin(); i != v.end(); ++i) {
std::rotate(std::upper_bound(v.begin(), i, *i), i, i+1);
}
print("after sort:\t\t", v);
// simple rotation to the left
std::rotate(v.begin(), v.begin() + 1, v.end());
print("simple rotate left:\t", v);
// simple rotation to the right
std::rotate(v.rbegin(), v.rbegin() + 1, v.rend());
print("simple rotate right:\t", v);
}
Output:¶
before sort: 2 4 2 0 5 10 7 3 7 1
after sort: 0 1 2 2 3 4 5 7 7 10
simple rotate left: 1 2 2 3 4 5 7 7 10 0
simple rotate right: 0 1 2 2 3 4 5 7 7 10
See also¶
rotate_copy copies and rotate a range of elements
(function template)
ranges::rotate rotates the order of elements in a range
(C++20) (niebloid)
2022.07.31 | http://cppreference.com |