NAME¶

std::map::map - std::map::map

Synopsis¶

map(); (until C++11)
map() (since C++11)
: map(Compare()) {}
explicit map( const Compare& comp, (2)
const Allocator& alloc = Allocator() );
explicit map( const Allocator& alloc ); (3) (since C++11)
template< class InputIt >

map( InputIt first, InputIt last, (4)
const Compare& comp = Compare(),

const Allocator& alloc = Allocator() );
template< class InputIt >

map( InputIt first, InputIt last, (5) (since C++14)
const Allocator& alloc )

: map(first, last, Compare(), alloc) {}
map( const map& other ); (6)
map( const map& other, const Allocator& alloc ); (7) (since C++11)
map( map&& other ); (8) (since C++11)
map( map&& other, const Allocator& alloc ); (9) (since C++11)
map( std::initializer_list<value_type> init, (1)

const Compare& comp = Compare(), (10) (since C++11)

const Allocator& alloc = Allocator() );
map( std::initializer_list<value_type> init,

const Allocator& alloc ) (11) (since C++14)

: map(init, Compare(), alloc) {}
template< container-compatible-range<value_type> R >

map( std::from_range_t, R&& rg, (12) (since C++23)
const Compare& comp = Compare(),

const Allocator& alloc = Allocator() );
template< container-compatible-range<value_type> R >

map( std::from_range_t, R&& rg,
const Allocator& alloc ) (13) (since C++23)

: map(std::from_range, std::forward<R>(rg), Compare(),
alloc) {}

Constructs new container from a variety of data sources and optionally using user
supplied allocator alloc or comparison function object comp.

1-3) Constructs an empty container.
4,5) Constructs the container with the contents of the range [first, last). If
multiple elements in the range have keys that compare equivalent, it is unspecified
which element is inserted (pending LWG2844).
If [first, last) is not a valid range, the behavior is undefined.
6,7) Copy constructor. Constructs the container with the copy of the contents of
other.

If alloc is not provided, allocator is obtained by calling (since
std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>:: C++11)
select_on_container_copy_construction(other.get_allocator()).
During class template argument deduction, only the first argument contributes (since
to the deduction of the container's Allocator template parameter. C++23)

8,9) Move constructor. Constructs the container with the contents of other using
move semantics. If alloc is not provided, allocator is obtained by move-construction
from the allocator belonging to other.

During class template argument deduction, only the first argument
contributes to the deduction of the container's Allocator template (since C++23)
parameter.

10,11) Initializer-list constructor. Constructs the container with the contents of
the initializer list init.If multiple elements in the range have keys that compare
equivalent, it is unspecified which element is inserted (pending LWG2844).
12,13) Constructs the container with the contents of rg. If multiple elements in the
range have keys that compare equivalent, it is unspecified which element is inserted
(pending LWG2844).

Parameters¶

alloc - allocator to use for all memory allocations of this container
comp - comparison function object to use for all comparisons of keys
first, last - the range to copy the elements from
other - another container to be used as source to initialize the elements of
the container with
init - initializer list to initialize the elements of the container with
rg - a container compatible range, that is, an input_range whose elements
are convertible to value_type

Type requirements¶

-
InputIt must meet the requirements of LegacyInputIterator.
-
Compare must meet the requirements of Compare.
-
Allocator must meet the requirements of Allocator.

Complexity¶

1-3) Constant.
4,5) \(\scriptsize N \cdot log(N)\)N·log(N) where \(\scriptsize N\)N is
std::distance(first, last) in general, linear in \(\scriptsize N\)N if [first, last)
is already sorted by value_comp().
6,7) Linear in size of other.
8,9) Constant. If alloc is given and alloc != other.get_allocator(), then linear.
10,11) \(\scriptsize N \cdot log(N)\)N·log(N) where \(\scriptsize N\)N is
init.size() in general, linear in \(\scriptsize N\)N if init is already sorted by
value_comp().
12,13) \(\scriptsize N \cdot log(N)\)N·log(N) where \(\scriptsize N\)N is
ranges::distance(rg) in general, linear in \(\scriptsize N\)N if rg is already
sorted by value_comp().

Exceptions¶

Calls to Allocator::allocate may throw.

Notes¶

After container move construction (overload (8,9)), references, pointers, and
iterators (other than the end iterator) to other remain valid, but refer to elements
that are now in *this. The current standard makes this guarantee via the blanket
statement in [container.reqmts]/67, and a more direct guarantee is under
consideration via LWG issue 2321.

Although not formally required until C++23, some implementations has already put the
template parameter Allocator into non-deduced contexts in earlier modes.

Feature-test macro Value Std Feature
__cpp_lib_containers_ranges 202202L (C++23) Ranges-aware construction and insertion;
overloads (12,13)

Example¶

// Run this code

#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <string>

template<typename Key, typename Value, typename Cmp>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, std::map<Key, Value, Cmp> const& map)
{
os << "{ ";
for (auto comma{map.size()}; auto const& p : map)
os << '\'' << p.first << "' is " << p.second << (--comma ? ", " : " ");
return os << "}\n";
}

struct Point
{
double x, y;

friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, Point pt)
{
return os << '(' << pt.x << ", " << pt.y << ')';
}
};

struct PointCmp
{
bool operator()(const Point& lhs, const Point& rhs) const
{
return lhs.x < rhs.x; // NB: y is intentionally ignored
}
};

int main()
{
// (1) Default constructor
std::map<std::string, int> map1;
map1["something"] = 69;
map1["anything"] = 199;
map1["that thing"] = 50;
std::cout << "map1 = " << map1;

// (4) Range constructor
std::map<std::string, int> iter(map1.find("anything"), map1.end());
std::cout << "\niter = " << iter;
std::cout << "map1 = " << map1;

// (6) Copy constructor
std::map<std::string, int> copied(map1);
std::cout << "\ncopied = " << copied;
std::cout << "map1 = " << map1;

// (8) Move constructor
std::map<std::string, int> moved{std::move(map1)};
std::cout << "\nmoved = " << moved;
std::cout << "map1 = " << map1;

// (10) Initializer list constructor
const std::map<std::string, int> init
{
{"this", 100},
{"can", 100},
{"be", 100},
{"const", 100}
};
std::cout << "\ninit = " << init;

std::cout << "\nCustom Key class option 1:\n";
// Use a comparison struct
std::map<Point, double, PointCmp> mag =
{
{{5, -12}, 13},
{{3, 4}, 5},
{{-8, -15}, 17}
};
std::cout << "mag = " << mag << '\n';

std::cout << "Custom Key class option 2:\n";
// Use a comparison lambda
// This lambda sorts points according to their magnitudes, where
// these magnitudes are taken from the local variable mag.
auto cmpLambda = [&mag](const Point& lhs, const Point& rhs)
{
return mag[lhs] < mag[rhs];
};

// You could also use a lambda that is not dependent on local variables, like this:
// auto cmpLambda = [](const Point& lhs, const Point& rhs){ return lhs.y < rhs.y; };
std::map<Point, double, decltype(cmpLambda)> magy(cmpLambda);

// Various ways of inserting elements:
magy.insert(std::pair<Point, double>({5, -12}, 13));
magy.insert({{3, 4}, 5});
magy.insert({Point{-8.0, -15.0}, 17});
std::cout << "magy = " << magy << '\n';

std::cout << "Construction from a range:\n";
using PS = std::pair<const std::string, int>;
const auto rg = {PS{"one", 1}, {"one", 101}, {"two", 2}, {"three", 3}};
#if __cpp_lib_containers_ranges
std::map<std::string, int> nums(std::from_range, rg); // overload (12)
#else
std::map<std::string, int> nums(rg.begin(), rg.end()); // fallback to (4)
#endif
std::cout << "nums = " << nums << '\n';
}

Output:¶

map1 = { 'anything' is 199, 'something' is 69, 'that thing' is 50 }

iter = { 'anything' is 199, 'something' is 69, 'that thing' is 50 }
map1 = { 'anything' is 199, 'something' is 69, 'that thing' is 50 }

copied = { 'anything' is 199, 'something' is 69, 'that thing' is 50 }
map1 = { 'anything' is 199, 'something' is 69, 'that thing' is 50 }

moved = { 'anything' is 199, 'something' is 69, 'that thing' is 50 }
map1 = { }

init = { 'be' is 100, 'can' is 100, 'const' is 100, 'this' is 100 }

Custom Key class option 1:
mag = { '(-8, -15)' is 17, '(3, 4)' is 5, '(5, -12)' is 13 }

Custom Key class option 2:
magy = { '(3, 4)' is 5, '(5, -12)' is 13, '(-8, -15)' is 17 }

Construction from a range:
nums = { 'one' is 1, 'three' is 3, 'two' is 2 }

Defect reports

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to
previously published C++ standards.

DR Applied to Behavior as published Correct behavior
LWG 2076 C++11 overload (4) conditionally required Keyand T not required
to be CopyInsertable into *this
LWG 2193 C++11 the default constructor was explicit made non-explicit

See also¶

operator= assigns values to the container
(public member function)