NAME¶

free - Display amount of free and used memory in the system

SYNOPSIS¶

free [options]

DESCRIPTION¶

free displays the total amount of free and used physical and swap memory in the system, as well as the buffers and caches used by the kernel. The information is gathered by parsing /proc/meminfo. The displayed columns are:

total

Total usable memory (MemTotal and SwapTotal in /proc/meminfo). This includes the physical and swap memory minus a few reserved bits and kernel binary code.

used

Used or unavailable memory (calculated as total - available)

free

Unused memory (MemFree and SwapFree in /proc/meminfo)

shared

Memory used (mostly) by tmpfs (Shmem in /proc/meminfo)

buffers

Memory used by kernel buffers (Buffers in /proc/meminfo)

cache

Memory used by the page cache and slabs (Cached and SReclaimable in /proc/meminfo)

buff/cache

Sum of buffers and cache

available

Estimation of how much memory is available for starting new applications, without swapping. Unlike the data provided by the cache or free fields, this field takes into account page cache and also that not all reclaimable memory slabs will be reclaimed due to items being in use (MemAvailable in /proc/meminfo, available on kernels 3.14, emulated on kernels 2.6.27+, otherwise the same as free)

OPTIONS¶

-b, --bytes

Display the amount of memory in bytes.

-k, --kibi

Display the amount of memory in kibibytes. This is the default.

-m, --mebi

Display the amount of memory in mebibytes.

-g, --gibi

Display the amount of memory in gibibytes.

--tebi

Display the amount of memory in tebibytes.

--pebi

Display the amount of memory in pebibytes.

--kilo

Display the amount of memory in kilobytes. Implies --si.

--mega

Display the amount of memory in megabytes. Implies --si.

--giga

Display the amount of memory in gigabytes. Implies --si.

--tera

Display the amount of memory in terabytes. Implies --si.

--peta

Display the amount of memory in petabytes. Implies --si.

-h, --human

Show all output fields automatically scaled to shortest three digit unit and display the units of print out. Following units are used.

  B = bytes


  Ki = kibibyte


  Mi = mebibyte


  Gi = gibibyte


  Ti = tebibyte


  Pi = pebibyte

If unit is missing, and you have exbibyte of RAM or swap, the number is in tebibytes and columns might not be aligned with header.

-w, --wide

Switch to the wide mode. The wide mode produces lines longer than 80 characters. In this mode buffers and cache are reported in two separate columns.

-C, --full-cache

Add to the plain Cached in-memory cache for files also more cache lines as the NFS_Unstable pages sent to the server, but not yet committed to stable storage and the SwapCached memory that once was swapped out but is swapped back. Can be also enabled by the environment variable PS_FULL_CACHE.

-c, --count count

Display the result count times. Requires the -s option.

-l, --lohi

Show detailed low and high memory statistics.

-L, --line

Show output on a single line, often used with the -s option to show memory statistics repeatedly.

-s, --seconds delay

Continuously display the result delay seconds apart. You may actually specify any floating point number for delay using either . or , for decimal point. usleep(3) is used for microsecond resolution delay times.

--si

Use kilo, mega, giga etc (power of 1000) instead of kibi, mebi, gibi (power of 1024).

-t, --total

Display a line showing the column totals.

-v, --committed

Display a line showing the memory commit limit and amount of committed/uncommitted memory. The total column on this line will display the memory commit limit. This line is relevant if memory overcommit is disabled.

--help

Print help.

-V, --version

Display version information.

FILES¶

/proc/meminfo

memory information

BUGS¶

The value for the shared column is not available from kernels before 2.6.32 and is displayed as zero.

Please send bug reports to

procps@freelists.org

SEE ALSO¶

ps(1), slabtop(1), top(1), vmstat(8).