Basic importing¶

It's easy to import a single function from a module:

   use MyUtils "frobnicate";

Or a list of functions:

   use MyUtils "red", "green";

Perl's qw() shorthand for a list of words is pretty useful:

   use MyUtils qw( red green );

If the module defines tags, you can import them like this:

   use MyUtils qw( :colours );

Or with a hyphen instead of a colon:

   use MyUtils qw( -colours );

Hyphens are good because Perl will autoquote a bareword that follows them:

   use MyUtils -colours;

And it's possible to mix function names and tags in the same list:

   use MyUtils qw( frobnicate :colours );

Renaming imported functions¶

It's possible to rename a function you're importing:

   use MyUtils "frobnicate" => { -as => "frob" };

Or you can apply a prefix and/or suffix. The following imports the function and calls it "my_frobinate_thing".

   use MyUtils "frobnicate" => { -prefix => "my_", -suffix => "_thing" };

You can apply a prefix/suffix to all functions you import by placing the hashref first in the import list. (This first hashref is referred to as the global options hash, and can do some special things.)

   use MyUtils { prefix => "my_" }, "frobnicate";

Did you notice that we used "-prefix" and "-suffix" in the normal options hash, but "prefix" and "suffix" (no hyphen) in the global options hash? That's a common pattern with this module.

You can import the same function multiple times with different names:

   use MyUtils
      "frobnicate" => { -as => "frob" },
      "frobnicate" => { -as => "frbnct" };

Tags can take the "-prefix" and "-suffix" options too. The following imports "colour_red", "colour_green", and "colour_blue":

   use MyUtils -colours => { -prefix => "colour_" };

You can also set "-as" to be a coderef to generate a function name. This imports functions called "RED", "GREEN", and "BLUE":

   use MyUtils -colours => { -as => sub { uc($_[0]) } };

Note that it doesn't make sense to use "-as" with a tag unless you're doing this coderef thing. Coderef "as" also works in the global options hash.

DO NOT WANT!¶

Sometimes you want to supply a list of functions you don't want to import. To do that, prefix the function with a bang. This imports everything except "frobnicate":

   use MyUtils qw( -all !frobnicate );

You can add the bang prefix to tags too. This will import everything except the colours.

   use MyUtils qw( -all !:colours );

Negated imports always "win", so the following will not import "frobnicate", no matter how many times you repeat it...

   use MyUtils qw( !frobnicate frobnicate frobnicate frobnicate );

Importing by regexp¶

Here's how you could import all functions beginning with an "f":

   use MyUtils qw( /^F/i );

Or import everything except functions beginning with a "z":

   use MyUtils qw( -all !/^Z/i );

Note that regexps are always supplied as strings starting with "/", and not as quoted regexp references ("qr/.../").

Import functions into another package¶

Occasionally you need to import functions not into your own package, but into a different package. You can do that like this:

   use MyUtils { into => "OtherPkg" }, "frobnicate";
   
   OtherPkg::frobincate(...);

However, Import::Into will probably provide you with a better approach which doesn't just work with Exporter::Tiny, but all exporters.

Lexical subs on Perl 5.37.2 and above¶

Often you want to make use of an exported function, but don't want it to "pollute" your namespace.

On newer versions of Perl, Exporter::Tiny can use "export_lexically" from builtin to give you lexical versions of exports.

   {
      use MyUtils -lexical, "frobnicate";
      
      frobnicate(...);  # ok
   }
   
   frobnicate(...);  # not ok

This functionality should be considered EXPERIMENTAL until "export_lexically" is included in a stable release of Perl.

Lexical subs on Perl older than 5.37.2¶

If you install Lexical::Var, then lexical imports should work on versions of Perl as old as 5.12.

Unimporting¶

You can unimport the functions that MyUtils added to your namespace:

   no MyUtils;

Or just specific ones:

   no MyUtils qw(frobnicate);

If you renamed a function when you imported it, you should unimport by the new name:

   use MyUtils frobnicate => { -as => "frob" };
   ...;
   no MyUtils "frob";

Unimporting using tags and regexps should mostly do what you want.