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mkfs.ocfs2(8) OCFS2 Manual Pages mkfs.ocfs2(8)

NAME

mkfs.ocfs2 - Creates an OCFS2 file system.

SYNOPSIS

mkfs.ocfs2 [-b block-size] [-C cluster-size] [-L volume-label] [-M mount-type] [-N number-of-nodes] [-J journal-options] [--fs-features=[no]sparse...] [--fs-feature-level=feature-level] [-T filesystem-type] [--cluster-stack=stackname] [--cluster-name=clustername] [--global-heartbeat] [--discard | --nodiscard] [-FqvV] device [blocks-count]

DESCRIPTION

mkfs.ocfs2 is used to create an OCFS2 file system on a device, usually a partition on a shared disk. In order to prevent data loss, mkfs.ocfs2 will not format an existing OCFS2 volume if it detects that it is mounted on another node in the cluster. This tool requires the cluster service to be online.

OPTIONS

Valid block size values are 512, 1K, 2K and 4K bytes per block. If omitted, a value will be heuristically determined based on the expected usage of the file system (see the -T option). A block size of 512 bytes is never recommended. Choose 1K, 2K or 4K.

Valid cluster size values are 4K, 8K, 16K, 32K, 64K, 128K, 256K, 512K and 1M. If omitted, a value will be heuristically determined based on the expected usage of the file system (see the -T option). For volumes expected to store large files, like database files, while a cluster size of 128K or more is recommended, one can opt for a smaller size as long as that value is not smaller than the database block size. For others, use 4K.

For existing OCFS2 volumes, mkfs.ocfs2 ensures the volume is not mounted on any node in the cluster before formatting. For that to work, mkfs.ocfs2 expects the cluster service to be online. Specify this option to disable this check.

Create the journal using options specified on the command-line. Journal options are comma separated, and may take an argument using the equals ('=') sign. The following options are supported:

Create a journal of size journal-size. Minimum size is 4M. If omitted, a value is heuristically determined based upon the file system size.

Use a standard 32bit journal. The journal will be able to access up to 2^32-1 blocks. This is the default. It has been the journal format for OCFS2 volumes since the beginning. The journal is compatible with all versions of OCFS2. Prepending no is equivalent to the block64 journal option.

Use a 64bit journal. The journal will be able to access up to 2^64-1 blocks. This allows large filesystems that can extend to the theoretical limits of OCFS2. It requires a new-enough filesystem driver that uses the new journalled block device, JBD2. Prepending no is equivalent to the block32 journal option.

Set the volume label for the file system. This is useful for mounting-by-label. Limit the label to under 64 bytes.

Valid types are local and cluster. Local mount allows users to mount the volume without the cluster overhead and works only with OCFS2 bundled with Linux kernels 2.6.20 or later. Defaults to cluster.

Valid number ranges from 1 to 255. This number specifies the maximum number of nodes that can concurrently mount the partition. If omitted, the number depends on volume size, for volume size < 2G, it's 2, for 2G <= size < 10G, it's 4, for 10G <= size < 1T, it's 8, for other size, it's 16. The number of slots can be later tuned up or down using tunefs.ocfs2.

Specify how the filesystem is going to be used, so that mkfs.ocfs2 can chose optimal filesystem parameters for that use. The supported filesystem types are:

Appropriate for file systems that will host lots of small files.

Appropriate for file systems that will host a relatively small number of very large files.

Appropriate for file systems that will host Virtual machine images.

Turn specific file system features on or off. A comma separated list of feature flags can be provided, and mkfs.ocfs2 will try to create the file system with those features set according to the list. To turn a feature on, include it in the list. To turn a feature off, prepend no to the name. Choices here will override individual features set via the --fs-feature-level option. Refer to the section titled feature compatibility before selecting specific features. The following flags are supported:

mkfs.ocfs2, by default, makes up to 6 backup copies of the super block at offsets 1G, 4G, 16G, 64G, 256G and 1T depending on the size of the volume. This can be useful in disaster recovery. This feature is fully compatible with all versions of the file system and generally should not be disabled.

Create the file system as a local mount, so that it can be mounted without a cluster stack.

Enable support for sparse files. With this, OCFS2 can avoid allocating (and zeroing) data to fill holes. Turn this feature on if you can, otherwise extends and some writes might be less performant.

Enable unwritten extents support. With this turned on, an application can request that a range of clusters be pre-allocated within a file. OCFS2 will mark those extents with a special flag so that expensive data zeroing doesn't have to be performed. Reads and writes to a pre-allocated region act as reads and writes to a hole, except a write will not fail due to lack of data allocation. This feature requires sparse file support to be turned on.

Enable inline-data support. If this feature is turned on, OCFS2 will store small files and directories inside the inode block. Data is transparently moved out to an extent when it no longer fits inside the inode block. In some cases, this can also make a positive impact on cold-cache directory and file operations.

The slot-map is a hidden file on an OCFS2 fs which is used to map mounted nodes to system file resources. The extended slot map allows a larger range of possible node numbers, which is useful for userspace cluster stacks. If required, this feature is automatically turned on by mkfs.ocfs2.

Enables metadata checksums. With this enabled, the file system computes and stores the checksums in all metadata blocks. It also computes and stores an error correction code capable of fixing single bit errors.

Enables creation of reference counted trees. With this enabled, the file system allows users to create inode-based snapshots and clones known as reflinks.

Enable extended attributes support. With this enabled, users can attach name:value pairs to objects within the file system. In OCFS2, the names can be up to 255 bytes in length, terminated by the first NUL byte. While it is not required, printable names (ASCII) are recommended. The values can be up to 64KB of arbitrary binary data. Attributes can be attached to all types of inodes: regular files, directories, symbolic links, device nodes, etc. This feature is required for users wanting to use extended security facilities like POSIX ACLs or SELinux.

Enable user quota support. With this feature enabled, filesystem will track amount of space and number of inodes (files, directories, symbolic links) each user owns. It is then possible to limit the maximum amount of space or inodes user can have. See a documentation of quota-tools package for more details.

Enable group quota support. With this feature enabled, filesystem will track amount of space and number of inodes (files, directories, symbolic links) each group owns. It is then possible to limit the maximum amount of space or inodes user can have. See a documentation of quota-tools package for more details.

Enable directory indexing support. With this feature enabled, the file system creates indexed tree for non-inline directory entries. For large scale directories, directory entry lookup performance from the indexed tree is faster then from the legacy directory blocks.

Enables discontiguous block groups. With this feature enabled, the file system is able to grow the inode and the extent allocators even when there is no contiguous free chunk available. It allows the file system to grow the allocators in smaller (discontiguous) chunks.

Enables storing the cluster stack information in the superblock. This feature is needed to support userspace cluster stacks and the global heartbeat mode in the o2cb cluster stack. If needed, this feature is automatically turned on by mkfs.ocfs2.

Choose from a set of pre-determined file-system features. This option is designed to allow users to conveniently choose a set of file system features which fits their needs. There is no downside to trying a set of features which your module might not support - if it won't mount the new file system simply reformat at a lower level. Feature levels can be fine-tuned via the --fs-features option. Currently, there are 3 types of feature levels:

Chooses fewer features but ensures that the file system can be mounted from older versions of the OCFS2 module.

The default feature set tries to strike a balance between providing new features and maintaining compatibility with relatively recent versions of OCFS2. It currently enables sparse, unwritten, inline-data, xattr, indexed-dirs, discontig-bg, refcount, extended-slotmap and clusterinfo.

Choose the maximum amount of features available. This will typically provide the best performance from OCFS2 at the expense of creating a file system that is only compatible with very recent versions of the OCFS2 kernel module.

Specify the cluster stack. This option is normally not required as mkfs.ocfs2 chooses the currently active cluster stack. It is required only if the cluster stack is not online and the user wishes to use a stack other than the default, o2cb. Other supported cluster stacks are pcmk (Pacemaker) and cman (rgmanager). Once set, OCFS2 will only allow mounting the volume if the active cluster stack and cluster name matches the one specified on-disk.

Specify the name of the cluster. This option is mandatory if the user has specified a cluster-stack. This name is restricted to a max of 16 characters. Additionally, the o2cb cluster stack allows only alpha-numeric characters.

Enable the global heartbeat mode of the o2cb cluster stack. This option is not required if the o2cb cluster stack with global heartbeat is online as mkfs.ocfs2 will detect the active stack. However, if the cluster stack is not up, then this option is required alongwith cluster-stack and cluster-name. For more, refer to o2cb(7).

Attempt to discard blocks at mkfs time (discarding blocks initially is useful on solid state devices and sparse / thin-provisioned storage). When the device advertises that discard also zeroes data (any subsequent read after the discard and before write returns zero), then mark all not-yet-zeroed blocks as zeroed. This significantly speeds up filesystem initialization. This is set as default.

Do not attempt to discard blocks at mkfs time.

This option is deprecated, please use --fs-features=nobackup-super instead.

Display the heuristically determined values without overwriting the existing file system.

Quiet mode.

Specify a custom UUID in the plain (2A4D1C581FAA42A1A41D26EFC90C1315) or traditional (2a4d1c58-1faa-42a1-a41d-26efc90c1315) format. This option in not recommended because the file system uses the UUID to uniquely identify a file system. If more than one file system were to have the same UUID, one is very likely to encounter erratic behavior, if not, outright file system corruption.

Verbose mode.

Print version and exit.

Usually mkfs.ocfs2 automatically determines the size of the given device and creates a file system that uses all of the available space on the device. This optional argument specifies that the file system should only consume the given number of file system blocks (see -b) on the device.

FEATURE COMPATIBILITY

This section lists the file system features that have been added to the OCFS2 file system and the version that it first appeared in. The table below lists the versions of the mainline Linux kernel and ocfs2-tools. Users should use this information to enable only those features that are available in the file system that they are using. Before enabling new features, users are advised to review to the section titled feature values.

Feature Kernel Version Tools Version
local Linux 2.6.20 ocfs2-tools 1.2
sparse Linux 2.6.22 ocfs2-tools 1.4
unwritten Linux 2.6.23 ocfs2-tools 1.4
inline-data Linux 2.6.24 ocfs2-tools 1.4
extended-slotmap Linux 2.6.27 ocfs2-tools 1.6
metaecc Linux 2.6.29 ocfs2-tools 1.6
grpquota Linux 2.6.29 ocfs2-tools 1.6
usrquota Linux 2.6.29 ocfs2-tools 1.6
xattr Linux 2.6.29 ocfs2-tools 1.6
indexed-dirs Linux 2.6.30 ocfs2-tools 1.6
refcount Linux 2.6.32 ocfs2-tools 1.6
discontig-bg Linux 2.6.35 ocfs2-tools 1.6
clusterinfo Linux 2.6.37 ocfs2-tools 1.8

Users can query the features enabled in the file system as follows: 

# tunefs.ocfs2 -Q "Label: %V\nFeatures: %H %O\n" /dev/sdg1
Label: apache_files_10
Features: sparse inline-data unwritten

FEATURE VALUES

This section lists the hex values that are associated with the file system features. This information is useful when debugging mount failures that are due to feature incompatibility. When a user attempts to mount an OCFS2 volume that has features enabled that are not supported by the running file system software, it will fail with an error like:

ERROR: couldn't mount because of unsupported optional features (200).

By referring to the table below, it becomes apparent that the user attempted to mount a volume with the xattr (extended attributes) feature enabled with a version of the file system software that did not support it. At this stage, the user has the option of either upgrading the file system software, or, disabling that on-disk feature using tunefs.ocfs2.

Some features allow the file system to be mounted with an older version of the software provided the mount is read-only. If a user attempts to mount such a volume in a read-write mode, it will fail with an error like:

ERROR: couldn't mount RDWR because of unsupported optional features (1).

This error indicates that the volume had the unwritten RO compat feature enabled. This volume can be mounted by an older file system software only in the read-only mode. In this case, the user has the option of either mounting the volume with the ro mount option, or, disabling that on-disk feature using tunefs.ocfs2.

Feature Category Hex value
local Incompat 8
sparse Incompat 10
inline-data Incompat 40
extended-slotmap Incompat 100
xattr Incompat 200
indexed-dirs Incompat 400
metaecc Incompat 800
refcount Incompat 1000
discontig-bg Incompat 2000
clusterinfo Incompat 4000
unwritten RO Compat 1
usrquota RO Compat 2
grpquota RO Compat 4

SEE ALSO

debugfs.ocfs2(8) fsck.ocfs2(8) mount.ocfs2(8) mounted.ocfs2(8) o2cb(7) o2cluster(8) o2image(8) o2info(1) tunefs.ocfs2(8)

AUTHORS

Oracle Corporation

COPYRIGHT

Copyright © 2004, 2012 Oracle. All rights reserved.

January 2012 Version 1.8.8