Strings¶

type t = string

The type for strings.

val make : int -> char -> string

make n c is a string of length n with each index holding the character c .

Raises Invalid_argument if n < 0 or n > Sys.max_string_length .

val init : int -> (int -> char) -> string

init n f is a string of length n with index i holding the character f i (called in increasing index order).

Since 4.02.0

Raises Invalid_argument if n < 0 or n > Sys.max_string_length .

val empty : string

The empty string.

Since 4.13.0

val of_bytes : bytes -> string

Return a new string that contains the same bytes as the given byte sequence.

Since 4.13.0

val to_bytes : string -> bytes

Return a new byte sequence that contains the same bytes as the given string.

Since 4.13.0

val length : string -> int

length s is the length (number of bytes/characters) of s .

val get : string -> int -> char

get s i is the character at index i in s . This is the same as writing s.[i] .

Raises Invalid_argument if i not an index of s .

Concatenating¶

Note. The (^) binary operator concatenates two strings.

val concat : string -> string list -> string

concat sep ss concatenates the list of strings ss , inserting the separator string sep between each.

Raises Invalid_argument if the result is longer than Sys.max_string_length bytes.

val cat : string -> string -> string

cat s1 s2 concatenates s1 and s2 ( s1 ^ s2 ).

Since 4.13.0

Raises Invalid_argument if the result is longer than Sys.max_string_length bytes.

Predicates and comparisons¶

val equal : t -> t -> bool

equal s0 s1 is true if and only if s0 and s1 are character-wise equal.

Since 4.03.0 (4.05.0 in StringLabels)

val compare : t -> t -> int

compare s0 s1 sorts s0 and s1 in lexicographical order. compare behaves like compare on strings but may be more efficient.

val starts_with : prefix:string -> string -> bool

starts_with ~prefix s is true if and only if s starts with prefix .

Since 4.13.0

val ends_with : suffix:string -> string -> bool

ends_with ~suffix s is true if and only if s ends with suffix .

Since 4.13.0

val contains_from : string -> int -> char -> bool

contains_from s start c is true if and only if c appears in s after position start .

Raises Invalid_argument if start is not a valid position in s .

val rcontains_from : string -> int -> char -> bool

rcontains_from s stop c is true if and only if c appears in s before position stop+1 .

Raises Invalid_argument if stop < 0 or stop+1 is not a valid position in s .

val contains : string -> char -> bool

contains s c is String.contains_from s 0 c .

Extracting substrings¶

val sub : string -> int -> int -> string

sub s pos len is a string of length len , containing the substring of s that starts at position pos and has length len .

Raises Invalid_argument if pos and len do not designate a valid substring of s .

val split_on_char : char -> string -> string list

split_on_char sep s is the list of all (possibly empty) substrings of s that are delimited by the character sep .

The function's result is specified by the following invariants:

-The list is not empty.

-Concatenating its elements using sep as a separator returns a string equal to the input ( concat (make 1 sep)
(split_on_char sep s) = s ).

-No string in the result contains the sep character.

Since 4.04.0 (4.05.0 in StringLabels)

Transforming¶

val map : (char -> char) -> string -> string

map f s is the string resulting from applying f to all the characters of s in increasing order.

Since 4.00.0

val mapi : (int -> char -> char) -> string -> string

mapi f s is like String.map but the index of the character is also passed to f .

Since 4.02.0

val fold_left : ('a -> char -> 'a) -> 'a -> string -> 'a

fold_left f x s computes f (... (f (f x s.[0]) s.[1]) ...) s.[n-1] , where n is the length of the string s .

Since 4.13.0

val fold_right : (char -> 'a -> 'a) -> string -> 'a -> 'a

fold_right f s x computes f s.[0] (f s.[1] ( ... (f s.[n-1] x) ...)) , where n is the length of the string s .

Since 4.13.0

val for_all : (char -> bool) -> string -> bool

for_all p s checks if all characters in s satisfy the predicate p .

Since 4.13.0

val exists : (char -> bool) -> string -> bool

exists p s checks if at least one character of s satisfies the predicate p .

Since 4.13.0

val trim : string -> string

trim s is s without leading and trailing whitespace. Whitespace characters are: ' ' , '\x0C' (form feed), '\n' , '\r' , and '\t' .

Since 4.00.0

val escaped : string -> string

escaped s is s with special characters represented by escape sequences, following the lexical conventions of OCaml.

All characters outside the US-ASCII printable range [0x20;0x7E] are escaped, as well as backslash (0x2F) and double-quote (0x22).

The function Scanf.unescaped is a left inverse of escaped , i.e. Scanf.unescaped (escaped s) = s for any string s (unless escaped s fails).

Raises Invalid_argument if the result is longer than Sys.max_string_length bytes.

val uppercase_ascii : string -> string

uppercase_ascii s is s with all lowercase letters translated to uppercase, using the US-ASCII character set.

Since 4.03.0 (4.05.0 in StringLabels)

val lowercase_ascii : string -> string

lowercase_ascii s is s with all uppercase letters translated to lowercase, using the US-ASCII character set.

Since 4.03.0 (4.05.0 in StringLabels)

val capitalize_ascii : string -> string

capitalize_ascii s is s with the first character set to uppercase, using the US-ASCII character set.

Since 4.03.0 (4.05.0 in StringLabels)

val uncapitalize_ascii : string -> string

uncapitalize_ascii s is s with the first character set to lowercase, using the US-ASCII character set.

Since 4.03.0 (4.05.0 in StringLabels)

Traversing¶

val iter : (char -> unit) -> string -> unit

iter f s applies function f in turn to all the characters of s . It is equivalent to f s.[0]; f s.[1]; ...; f s.[length s - 1]; () .

val iteri : (int -> char -> unit) -> string -> unit

iteri is like String.iter , but the function is also given the corresponding character index.

Since 4.00.0

Searching¶

val index_from : string -> int -> char -> int

index_from s i c is the index of the first occurrence of c in s after position i .

Raises Not_found if c does not occur in s after position i .

Raises Invalid_argument if i is not a valid position in s .

val index_from_opt : string -> int -> char -> int option

index_from_opt s i c is the index of the first occurrence of c in s after position i (if any).

Since 4.05

Raises Invalid_argument if i is not a valid position in s .

val rindex_from : string -> int -> char -> int

rindex_from s i c is the index of the last occurrence of c in s before position i+1 .

Raises Not_found if c does not occur in s before position i+1 .

Raises Invalid_argument if i+1 is not a valid position in s .

val rindex_from_opt : string -> int -> char -> int option

rindex_from_opt s i c is the index of the last occurrence of c in s before position i+1 (if any).

Since 4.05

Raises Invalid_argument if i+1 is not a valid position in s .

val index : string -> char -> int

index s c is String.index_from s 0 c .

val index_opt : string -> char -> int option

index_opt s c is String.index_from_opt s 0 c .

Since 4.05

val rindex : string -> char -> int

rindex s c is String.rindex_from s (length s - 1) c .

val rindex_opt : string -> char -> int option

rindex_opt s c is String.rindex_from_opt s (length s - 1) c .

Since 4.05

Strings and Sequences¶

val to_seq : t -> char Seq.t

to_seq s is a sequence made of the string's characters in increasing order. In "unsafe-string" mode, modifications of the string during iteration will be reflected in the sequence.

Since 4.07

val to_seqi : t -> (int * char) Seq.t

to_seqi s is like String.to_seq but also tuples the corresponding index.

Since 4.07

val of_seq : char Seq.t -> t

of_seq s is a string made of the sequence's characters.

Since 4.07

UTF decoding and validations¶

UTF-8¶

val get_utf_8_uchar : t -> int -> Uchar.utf_decode

get_utf_8_uchar b i decodes an UTF-8 character at index i in b .

val is_valid_utf_8 : t -> bool

is_valid_utf_8 b is true if and only if b contains valid UTF-8 data.

UTF-16BE¶

val get_utf_16be_uchar : t -> int -> Uchar.utf_decode

get_utf_16be_uchar b i decodes an UTF-16BE character at index i in b .

val is_valid_utf_16be : t -> bool

is_valid_utf_16be b is true if and only if b contains valid UTF-16BE data.

UTF-16LE¶

val get_utf_16le_uchar : t -> int -> Uchar.utf_decode

get_utf_16le_uchar b i decodes an UTF-16LE character at index i in b .

val is_valid_utf_16le : t -> bool

is_valid_utf_16le b is true if and only if b contains valid UTF-16LE data.

Deprecated functions¶

val create : int -> bytes

Deprecated. This is a deprecated alias of Bytes.create / BytesLabels.create .

create n returns a fresh byte sequence of length n . The sequence is uninitialized and contains arbitrary bytes.

Raises Invalid_argument if n < 0 or n > Sys.max_string_length .

val set : bytes -> int -> char -> unit

Deprecated. This is a deprecated alias of Bytes.set / BytesLabels.set .

set s n c modifies byte sequence s in place, replacing the byte at index n with c . You can also write s.[n] <- c instead of set s n c .

Raises Invalid_argument if n is not a valid index in s .

val blit : string -> int -> bytes -> int -> int -> unit

blit src src_pos dst dst_pos len copies len bytes from the string src , starting at index src_pos , to byte sequence dst , starting at character number dst_pos .

Raises Invalid_argument if src_pos and len do not designate a valid range of src , or if dst_pos and len do not designate a valid range of dst .

val copy : string -> string

Deprecated. Because strings are immutable, it doesn't make much sense to make identical copies of them.

Return a copy of the given string.

val fill : bytes -> int -> int -> char -> unit

Deprecated. This is a deprecated alias of Bytes.fill / BytesLabels.fill .

fill s pos len c modifies byte sequence s in place, replacing len bytes by c , starting at pos .

Raises Invalid_argument if pos and len do not designate a valid substring of s .

val uppercase : string -> string

Deprecated. Functions operating on Latin-1 character set are deprecated.

Return a copy of the argument, with all lowercase letters translated to uppercase, including accented letters of the ISO Latin-1 (8859-1) character set.

val lowercase : string -> string

Deprecated. Functions operating on Latin-1 character set are deprecated.

Return a copy of the argument, with all uppercase letters translated to lowercase, including accented letters of the ISO Latin-1 (8859-1) character set.

val capitalize : string -> string

Deprecated. Functions operating on Latin-1 character set are deprecated.

Return a copy of the argument, with the first character set to uppercase, using the ISO Latin-1 (8859-1) character set..

val uncapitalize : string -> string

Deprecated. Functions operating on Latin-1 character set are deprecated.

Return a copy of the argument, with the first character set to lowercase, using the ISO Latin-1 (8859-1) character set.

Binary decoding of integers¶

The functions in this section binary decode integers from strings.

All following functions raise Invalid_argument if the characters needed at index i to decode the integer are not available.

Little-endian (resp. big-endian) encoding means that least (resp. most) significant bytes are stored first. Big-endian is also known as network byte order. Native-endian encoding is either little-endian or big-endian depending on Sys.big_endian .

32-bit and 64-bit integers are represented by the int32 and int64 types, which can be interpreted either as signed or unsigned numbers.

8-bit and 16-bit integers are represented by the int type, which has more bits than the binary encoding. These extra bits are sign-extended (or zero-extended) for functions which decode 8-bit or 16-bit integers and represented them with int values.

val get_uint8 : string -> int -> int

get_uint8 b i is b 's unsigned 8-bit integer starting at character index i .

Since 4.13.0

val get_int8 : string -> int -> int

get_int8 b i is b 's signed 8-bit integer starting at character index i .

Since 4.13.0

val get_uint16_ne : string -> int -> int

get_uint16_ne b i is b 's native-endian unsigned 16-bit integer starting at character index i .

Since 4.13.0

val get_uint16_be : string -> int -> int

get_uint16_be b i is b 's big-endian unsigned 16-bit integer starting at character index i .

Since 4.13.0

val get_uint16_le : string -> int -> int

get_uint16_le b i is b 's little-endian unsigned 16-bit integer starting at character index i .

Since 4.13.0

val get_int16_ne : string -> int -> int

get_int16_ne b i is b 's native-endian signed 16-bit integer starting at character index i .

Since 4.13.0

val get_int16_be : string -> int -> int

get_int16_be b i is b 's big-endian signed 16-bit integer starting at character index i .

Since 4.13.0

val get_int16_le : string -> int -> int

get_int16_le b i is b 's little-endian signed 16-bit integer starting at character index i .

Since 4.13.0

val get_int32_ne : string -> int -> int32

get_int32_ne b i is b 's native-endian 32-bit integer starting at character index i .

Since 4.13.0

val get_int32_be : string -> int -> int32

get_int32_be b i is b 's big-endian 32-bit integer starting at character index i .

Since 4.13.0

val get_int32_le : string -> int -> int32

get_int32_le b i is b 's little-endian 32-bit integer starting at character index i .

Since 4.13.0

val get_int64_ne : string -> int -> int64

get_int64_ne b i is b 's native-endian 64-bit integer starting at character index i .

Since 4.13.0

val get_int64_be : string -> int -> int64

get_int64_be b i is b 's big-endian 64-bit integer starting at character index i .

Since 4.13.0

val get_int64_le : string -> int -> int64

get_int64_le b i is b 's little-endian 64-bit integer starting at character index i .

Since 4.13.0