Suppresses all confirmation questions. Use with care!

If the --verify-passphrase option is not specified, this option also switches off the passphrase verification.

Run in debug mode with full diagnostic logs. Debug output lines are always prefixed by #.

If --debug-json is used, additional LUKS2 JSON data structures are printed.

Disable loading of plugins for external LUKS2 tokens.

Do not load volume key in kernel keyring and store it directly in the dm-crypt target instead. This option is supported only for the LUKS2 type.

Disable lock protection for metadata on disk. This option is valid only for LUKS2 and ignored for other formats.

WARNING: Do not use this option unless you run cryptsetup in a restricted environment where locking is impossible to perform (where /run directory cannot be used).

Override system directory path where cryptsetup searches for external token handlers (or token plugins). It must be absolute path (starting with '/' character).

Use a detached (separated) metadata device or file where the LUKS header is stored. This option allows one to store ciphertext and LUKS header on different devices.

For commands that change the LUKS header (e.g. luksAddKey), specify the device or file with the LUKS header directly as the LUKS device.

Show help text and default parameters.

Read the passphrase from file.

If the name given is "-", then the passphrase will be read from stdin. In this case, reading will not stop at newline characters.

See section NOTES ON PASSPHRASE PROCESSING in cryptsetup(8) for more information.

Skip value bytes at the beginning of the key file.

Read a maximum of value bytes from the key file. The default is to read the whole file up to the compiled-in maximum that can be queried with --help. Supplying more data than the compiled-in maximum aborts the operation.

This option is useful to cut trailing newlines, for example. If --keyfile-offset is also given, the size count starts after the offset.

For LUKS operations that add key material, this option allows you to specify which key slot is selected for the new key.

The maximum number of key slots depends on the LUKS version. LUKS1 can have up to 8 key slots. LUKS2 can have up to 32 key slots based on key slot area size and key size, but a valid key slot ID can always be between 0 and 31 for LUKS2.

Link volume key in a keyring with specified key name. The volume key is linked only if requested action is successfully finished (with --test-passphrase the verified volume key is linked in a keyring without taking further action).

<keyring_description> string has to contain existing kernel keyring description. The keyring name may be optionally prefixed with "%:" or "%keyring:" type descriptions. Or, the keyring may also be specified directly by numeric key id. Also special keyring notations starting with "@" may be used to select existing predefined kernel keyrings.

The string "::" is delimiter used to separate keyring description and key description.

<key_description> part describes key type and key name of volume key linked in the keyring described in <keyring_description>. The type may be specified by adding "%<type_name>:" prefix in front of key name. If type is missing default user type is applied. If the key of same name and same type already exists (already linked in the keyring) it will get replaced in the process.

See also KEY IDENTIFIERS section of keyctl(1).

The number of seconds to wait before timeout on passphrase input via terminal. It is relevant every time a passphrase is asked. It has no effect if used in conjunction with --key-file.

This option is useful when the system should not stall if the user does not input a passphrase, e.g. during boot. The default is a value of 0 seconds, which means to wait forever.

Specify what token to use and allow token PIN prompt to take precedence over interactive keyslot passphrase prompt. If omitted, all available tokens (not protected by PIN) will be checked before proceeding further with passphrase prompt.

Do not proceed further with action if token based keyslot unlock failed. Without the option, action asks for passphrase to proceed further.

It allows LUKS2 tokens protected by PIN to take precedence over interactive keyslot passphrase prompt.

Restrict tokens eligible for operation to specific token type. Mostly useful when no --token-id is specified.

It allows LUKS2 type tokens protected by PIN to take precedence over interactive keyslot passphrase prompt.

How often the input of the passphrase shall be retried. The default is 3 tries.

Specifies required device type, for more info read BASIC ACTIONS section in cryptsetup(8).

Show short option help.

When interactively asking for a passphrase, ask for it twice and complain if both inputs do not match. Ignored on input from file or stdin.

Show the program version.

Use a volume key stored in a keyring. This allows one to open luks and device types without giving a passphrase. The key and associated type has to be readable from userspace so that volume key digest may be verified in before activation.

The <key description> uses keyctl-compatible syntax. This can either be a numeric key ID or a string name in the format %<key type>:<key name>. See also KEY IDENTIFIERS section of keyctl(1). When no %<key type>: prefix is specified we assume the key type is user (default type).