NAME¶

std::basic_string::back - std::basic_string::back

Synopsis¶

CharT& back(); (since C++11)
(until C++20)
constexpr CharT& back(); (since C++20)
const CharT& back() const; (since C++11)
(until C++20)
constexpr const CharT& back() const; (since C++20)

Returns reference to the last character in the string. The behavior is undefined if
empty() == true.

Parameters¶

(none)

Return value¶

reference to the last character, equivalent to operator[](size() - 1).

Complexity¶

Constant

Example¶

// Run this code

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

int main()
{
{
std::string s("Exemplary");
char& back = s.back();
back = 's';
std::cout << s << '\n'; // "Exemplars"
}

{
std::string const c("Exemplary");
char const& back = c.back();
std::cout << back << '\n'; // 'y'
}
}

Output:¶

Exemplars
y

See also¶

front accesses the first character
(C++11) (public member function)
back accesses the last character
(C++17) (public member function of std::basic_string_view<CharT,Traits>)